Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines

Anthony Estandarte Amores; Errole Augusto Maxey; Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar; Joseph Revamonte Pentason

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines

Anthony Estandarte Amores^*

, Errole Augusto Maxey

, Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar

, Joseph Revamonte Pentason

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 5)

Received: 25 August 2024 Accepted: 13 September 2024 Published: 26 September 2024

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
Page(s)	86-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mangrove Species Diversity, Environmental Variables, Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines

References

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APA Style

Amores, A. E., Maxey, E. A., Aguilar, S. N. A., Pentason, J. R. (2024). Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. American Journal of Life Sciences, 12(5), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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ACS Style

Amores, A. E.; Maxey, E. A.; Aguilar, S. N. A.; Pentason, J. R. Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. Am. J. Life Sci. 2024, 12(5), 86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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AMA Style

Amores AE, Maxey EA, Aguilar SNA, Pentason JR. Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. Am J Life Sci. 2024;12(5):86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11,
  author = {Anthony Estandarte Amores and Errole Augusto Maxey and Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar and Joseph Revamonte Pentason},
  title = {Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines
},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {86-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20241205.11},
  abstract = {The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines

AU  - Anthony Estandarte Amores
AU  - Errole Augusto Maxey
AU  - Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar
AU  - Joseph Revamonte Pentason
Y1  - 2024/09/26
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
AB  - The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.

VL  - 12
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Anthony Estandarte Amores

Faculty of Teachers Education - Science Program, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8691-4477
Errole Augusto Maxey

Faculty of Teachers Education - Science Program, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7582-4763
Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar

Faculty of Teachers Education - Science Program, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5930-4620
Joseph Revamonte Pentason

Science Faculty, Arcadia High School, Virginia, United States of America

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8651-2205

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APA Style

Amores, A. E., Maxey, E. A., Aguilar, S. N. A., Pentason, J. R. (2024). Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. American Journal of Life Sciences, 12(5), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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ACS Style

Amores, A. E.; Maxey, E. A.; Aguilar, S. N. A.; Pentason, J. R. Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. Am. J. Life Sci. 2024, 12(5), 86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

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AMA Style

Amores AE, Maxey EA, Aguilar SNA, Pentason JR. Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines. Am J Life Sci. 2024;12(5):86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11,
  author = {Anthony Estandarte Amores and Errole Augusto Maxey and Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar and Joseph Revamonte Pentason},
  title = {Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines
},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {86-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20241205.11},
  abstract = {The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines

AU  - Anthony Estandarte Amores
AU  - Errole Augusto Maxey
AU  - Sophia Nadenn Arma Aguilar
AU  - Joseph Revamonte Pentason
Y1  - 2024/09/26
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20241205.11
AB  - The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.

VL  - 12
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download