@article{10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11,
  author = {Kossitse Venyo Akpataku and Akpénè Amenuvevega Dougna and Lallébila Tampo and Jean-Marie Dipama and Limam Moctar Bawa and Masamaéya Dadja-Toyou Gnazou and Gbandi Djaneye-Boundjou and Serigne Faye},
  title = {Appraising the Spatial Relationship Between the Groundwater Physicochemical Quality and the Physiographic Features in the Plateaux Region of Togo},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20251401.11},
  abstract = {Groundwater is a common drinking water resource worldwide. Understanding the distribution patterns of its chemical constituents is crucial for prioritizing sustainable management strategies. This study aims to present a holistic understanding of the spatial distribution of the physicochemical quality of groundwater in the Plateaux Region of Togo. A hydrochemical database of over 900 borehole water samples was compiled and integrated into GIS tools along with geological, hydrological, soils, land use and land cover, and other ancillary data. Comparison tests, global and local spatial autocorrelation, and hot spot analysis were performed at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that groundwater is generally fresh and slightly acidic. Our results stress the importance of controlling physiographic features on groundwater quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistical differences (p < 0.05) among physiographic groups for each groundwater quality parameter. The spatial statistics highlight the spatial dependence in the data and substantial variability in the chemical composition of groundwater due to association with physiographic features. In general, mountainous forest zones with higher rainfall recorded the predominance of lower conductivity values and less contamination in groundwater, probably due to the high rate of groundwater recharge and fast fluxes or circulation driven by topographic gradients. In contrast, those in the south, the center, and sometimes in the east and north present a substantially more advanced mineralization. The High-High clusters are similar and developed southwestward. Fluoride hot spots are associated with groundwater alkalinization in the North and granitoids displaying high-K calc-alkaline magnesian series in the southwest. The hotspots for nitrate concentrations are located at the southeast and northeast ends of the Region due to the affluence of contamination sources and the aquifer vulnerability. This study appears significant as a relevant contributing tool for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraising the Spatial Relationship Between the Groundwater Physicochemical Quality and the Physiographic Features in the Plateaux Region of Togo
AU  - Kossitse Venyo Akpataku
AU  - Akpénè Amenuvevega Dougna
AU  - Lallébila Tampo
AU  - Jean-Marie Dipama
AU  - Limam Moctar Bawa
AU  - Masamaéya Dadja-Toyou Gnazou
AU  - Gbandi Djaneye-Boundjou
AU  - Serigne Faye
Y1  - 2025/01/07
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20251401.11
AB  - Groundwater is a common drinking water resource worldwide. Understanding the distribution patterns of its chemical constituents is crucial for prioritizing sustainable management strategies. This study aims to present a holistic understanding of the spatial distribution of the physicochemical quality of groundwater in the Plateaux Region of Togo. A hydrochemical database of over 900 borehole water samples was compiled and integrated into GIS tools along with geological, hydrological, soils, land use and land cover, and other ancillary data. Comparison tests, global and local spatial autocorrelation, and hot spot analysis were performed at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that groundwater is generally fresh and slightly acidic. Our results stress the importance of controlling physiographic features on groundwater quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistical differences (p < 0.05) among physiographic groups for each groundwater quality parameter. The spatial statistics highlight the spatial dependence in the data and substantial variability in the chemical composition of groundwater due to association with physiographic features. In general, mountainous forest zones with higher rainfall recorded the predominance of lower conductivity values and less contamination in groundwater, probably due to the high rate of groundwater recharge and fast fluxes or circulation driven by topographic gradients. In contrast, those in the south, the center, and sometimes in the east and north present a substantially more advanced mineralization. The High-High clusters are similar and developed southwestward. Fluoride hot spots are associated with groundwater alkalinization in the North and granitoids displaying high-K calc-alkaline magnesian series in the southwest. The hotspots for nitrate concentrations are located at the southeast and northeast ends of the Region due to the affluence of contamination sources and the aquifer vulnerability. This study appears significant as a relevant contributing tool for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  - 

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